What Causes Stillbirth?
The cause of stillbirths can vary based on gestational age and underlying risk factors, though in some cases the cause is not known. In fact, a 2011 study found that in approximately one-quarter of stillbirths, there is no known probable or possible cause. Here is an overview of the common causes of pregnancy loss after 20 weeks. Chromosomal abnormalities, especially those associated with anatomic abnormalities or birth defects, account for a high percentage of stillbirths. A pregnant person’s health conditions and lifestyle can also increase the risk of intrauterine growth restriction. Healthcare providers screen for these problems during prenatal care. Some specific risk factors are preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, and smoking in pregnancy. As part of standard prenatal care, healthcare providers closely monitor fetal growth, which gives them the chance to intervene if a fetus appears at risk. This can happen because of a pregnant person’s health conditions, trauma to the abdomen in later pregnancy, or structural abnormalities in the uterus. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking or substance use, can also increase the risk. Other obstetric complications, such as multiple gestations and low amniotic fluid, are also believed to be contributing factors in some stillbirths. Health conditions that might contribute to stillbirth include:
Autoimmune conditions (such as lupus) Certain blood clotting disorders Diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Obesity
If your pregnancy is complicated by any of these conditions, your healthcare provider might recommend additional testing and/or delivery before your due date.
